26.4.05

DAI-NIPPON-BUTOKU-KAÎ: A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO KENDO (II)

Antes de voltarmos aos nossos dois amigos, Takano e Naîto, para mais uns combatezitos, eis a segunda parte do contexto histórico em que eles se moviam nessa época. Mais em http://www.tokitsu.com.

Para preparar a guerra contra a Rússia, o Japão envia oficiais para estudarem a cultura e a sociedade russas. Alguns estão encarregados de entrar em contacto com os elementos revolucionários que se dedicam a actividades clandestinas contra o poder do Czar e de lhes fornecer apoio financeiro. O Japão investiu um orçamento considerável na preparação e execução dessa guerra e, quando obtém a vitória em 1904, está à beira da bancarrota.

As artes marciais modernas são, por certo, pouco eficazes na guerra moderna, mas mostraram uma grande eficiência para forjar os homens que se envolvem nos diversos domínios da mesma, particularmente no exército. Não convém confundir a noção de do (a via) tal como a concebemos hoje com a que foi formulada nessa época. O Japão acabara de escapar à colonização a que tinham sido submetidos outros países asiáticos, mas a ameaça das forças ocidentais estava sempre presente. A prática do budo, nessas condições, servia para afirmar a identidade japonesa e reforçar a vontade pessoal dentro de uma acção nacional que se confundia com a vocação de cada um. A ética do budo dessa época comporta um investimento da própria vida no objectivo colectivo; é isso que indica Jigoro Kano quando diz: “transformem-se nos pilares do país”, nas aulas que dá aos seus primeiros alunos, aquando da fundação do judo. O dever pessoal e o interesse de estado confundiam-se completamente. É com este pano de fundo social que é elaborada a nova noção de artes marciais, que se apoia na noção de do. E ela começa a partir do judo.
O Butoku-kaî foi fundado nessa atmosfera para centralizar e dirigir a formação e o desenvolvimento do budo. O kenjutsu está no centro das suas actividades. A fundação do Butoku-kaî é uma reviravolta na situação das artes marciais que, apenas vinte anos antes, a sociedade inteira tendia a enterrar. A prática das artes marciais no começo do século XX tornava-se, de novo, num elemento motor da consciência japonesa que começava a estender-se, quebrando a casca do feudalismo.

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